| Abstract |
The philosophy of Huang Lao (i.e. Taoism) originated in the Chi-hsia(稷下) Royal Academic Exchange Center founded by T’ien-Ch’i(田齊). During the Epoch of Ch’un-Chi’u, the T’ien’s family seized the throne of the Chiang’s royal house and became the feudal lord in the manor of Chi referred to as “T’ien-Ch’i” and “Chiang-Ch’i”(姜齊) respectively. In order to justify its regime, T’ien-Ch’i founded Ch’I-hsia Royal Academic Exchange Center, and invited philosophers of various schools to build up a system, which was integrated with the theories of Lao Tzu, the Yin Yang School, Confucianism, Mo Tzu’s doctrines and Legalism. That was the philosophical school of Ch’i. In addition, they had succeeded the economic strength and metaphysical culture from Chiang-Ch’i. They converted Taoism and accommodated it to the Ch’i culture and style. Therefore, the way to discipline oneself paralleled the way to govern a nation. The way of nature was connected with the way of politics. In respect of the subject, they “gasified” Taoism (to become spirit-oriented). In respect of practical application, they managed Taoism. The principle asserted by Lao Tzu that one should follow the natural rules was construed as flexibility. On the other hand, the character of modesty and serenity was construed as compliance, and further became a mechanism to govern the nation. They also combined Taoism with Legalism. They executed laws and penalties, in excuse of maintaining an unassuming leadership to justify the monarchism. In conclusion, the culture of Ch’i demonstrated diversity and compatibility. The people of Ch’i were undoubtedly supporters of materialism. They pursued achievement and prosperity. They mastered the political tactics. They endeavored to outreach the monarchy. All of these efforts reflect the Ch’i’s character and style; that is, flexible, open-minded and exaggerated.
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