Journal paper

Issue No.	VOL.45（Autumn）
Title	Ideals of loyalty, Filial Piety, Chastity, Righteousness and Self-Excessiveness: Ji Yongren's "Double Retribution" and Mutual Supportive Groups in Prison
Author	WEI, PO-CHUAN
Page	123～146
Abstract	In the early Qing Dynasty, the literati Ji Yongren traveled to the Commanding Officer, mainly occupied as an aide assistant, and died in prison during the Revolt of the Three Feudatories. His masterpieces of three dramas that are handed down are "Yangzhou Dream", "Continued Lisao" and "Double Retribution": "Yangzhou Dream" was made before imprisonment which expresses the failure for the imperial examinations and sighs for his life. The rest two, "Continuation of Lisao" and "Double Retribution", were produced in prison that accused the state of the world by the emotionally "chanting, crying, ridiculing and scolding," meanwhile, felt the changes of the human heart caused by the war and chaos. "Double Retribution" combines the thoughts of Yin-Yang and Karma, and deliberately created a long story before the end of the characters' lives. By contrasting good with evil characters, good ones are finally taken care of by the god and the evel ones, however, drop dead and become devils, which encompasses the entire drama with Ying-Yang and Karma atmosphere. Ji Yongren was not a superstitious person. He used the metaphor of devils and gods to accuse the betrayals of those who had forgotten the righteousness in the chaos, in order to contrasted with the inmates with loyalty, filial piety, chastity, and righteousness by stayed with their lords with morality. "Double Retributions" has Ji Yongren's intention to be considerate of his wife and children, and hopes that the play will be spread to show his steadfastness and hard works. It is also a testimony of mutual encouragement between Ji Yongren and the confidant group in prison.
Keyword	Ji Yongren, Double Retribution, Yin Yang Karma, Revolt of the Three Feudatories, Chinese drama
Attached File	File download