| Abstract |
There are many different interpretations of “crafty” and “upright” on the Confucian Analects. In order to understand it, this article focusing on the Works of the Han until the Tang and Song, explaining the differences interpretations. Looking at the argument of ancient scholars, there are six main types. Some explained by“righteous” such as Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, some by “hiding” such as Du Yu, some by “expedience” such as Yan Shigu, Su Shi, Zeng Feng, some by “merit” such as Cheng Yi, some by “benevolence” such as Zhu Xi, and some by “Bi Fa”筆法, such as Huang Bo Shan. Although the various statements are different, they have provided different perspectives, and therefore enriched the implication of Confucius. |
