| Abstract |
Chuanshang philosophy was the most significant among all schools of thoughts in Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the gradually emphasized qi-based theory from Ming Dynasty, he profoundly established the scope of existence theory and viewpoints on heavenly laws, i.e., qi-based theory in the thoughts of universe ontology. Chuanshang distinguishes the differences between real existence of heavenly laws and heavenly laws understood by human laws. For the real existence of heavenly laws, Chuanshang believed to start from birth as the great virtue of the heaven and earth, meaning the heaven gave birth to all objects with ying, yang and five elements in the heaven and earth are formed unwittingly. Therefore, the heavenly laws are not limited to only humans have benevolence, righteousness and courtesy. Human laws are just an extension of heavenly laws, failing to fulfill the foundation of the heavenly laws. As a result, based on the philosophical height of qi as the subjectivity of heavenly laws, Chuanshang established the complete thoughts covering qi, reasons of qi and movement rules, and exploring nature with qi-based theory, being the most profound theory construction in philosophy between Ming and Qing Dynasties.
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